By the nature of occurrence of the reason the types of bankruptcy are possible to subdivide on: a)cybernetic on macro- and micro level; b)cultural-ethical) the casual; and d) criminal.
The cybernetic reasons are widely enough highlighted in the economic literature in works of prof. B.I.Kuzin, prof. N.I.Skvortsova, V.G.Artemenko, M.V.Bellender, G.P.Ivanov. At macro level to them cab ne reffered: imperfection of financial, monetary, credit, tax systems, standard and legislative base of reforming of economy, a high rate of inflation. That is the reasons connected with management of national economy. Absence of accurate legislative base of bankruptcy, a sufficient readiness of administrative and the criminal liability for bankruptcy, effective control body of bankruptcy both at state level, and in the regions, legislatively fixed necessity of carrying out of the analysis and absence of the developed techniques of its carrying out also are the reasons of occurrence of bankruptcy. That is the reasons connected with management of the institute of bankruptcy.
Allocation of the cultural-ethical reasons is caused by that at the present stage of development of market relations in the countries with transitive economy «… Non-observance of business obligations is considered to be a commonplace»
The casual reasons – the reasons which have caused insolvency of the debtor not on his own fault, but due to unforeseen circumstances, for example, act of nature, an inconsistency of his debtor.
The criminal reasons are directly connected with an ethical aspect of participants of economic relations and return of credits and their assignment, and also assignment of money of investors for what for the purpose of responsibility avoidance the mechanism of bankruptcy as the tool for enterprise closing, that is in desire of a part of the heads of the enterprises of reception of a profit . For example, to close the enterprise it is necessary to book audit, to pay the state duty, to pass closing procedures in tax inspection and executive committee that demands considerable financial expenses and time. At the same time, to close the enterprise for bankruptcy procedure, it is necessary to pay small money of the State tax and to give an announcement to the newspaper and all that releases from efforts, a considerable part of financial expenses, and in the presence of the creditor-applicant – and from necessity to book audit.
We keep considering the other types of bankruptcy and now go to:
By the persons who have created a situation of bankruptcy. Such persons can be: a) the debtor; b) business partners and c) the third parties.
So, the reasons of occurrence of bankruptcy – can be the actions of the debtor , action of partners, delays in calculations, bankruptcy of the partner, and also inconsistency of decisions.
In the next article we shall continue speaking about the types of bankruptcy in Ukraine.
Almost all of us still remember the times when one could easily buy a thing even if one hadn’t got enough funds. Loan was a simple way out. It is little wonder that now many of those who applied for a loan, are searching for how to avoid bankruptcy.
Those people who happened to get into the situation when they owe more money than they have, definitely should search for ways to avoid bankruptcy.
If facing such difficulties it is smart to use any means to get over it. Avail yourself of such unique opportunity as the Internet technologies. Using them at full capacity might give great results. Working with search engines, forums, social networks,web sites one will find many tips to avoid bankruptcy and a great deal of other important info. Also signing up for RSS on this blog will help to be aware of new publications and tips on the topic.
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